Weather Maps by
Advice of the Day
For healthy skin, add rosemary oil to the bathwater.
Question of the Day
What is Saturnalia?
Weather Reports provided by The Farmer’s Almanac©
- Farmers' Almanac Campfire MugStart each day of your outdoor adventure with a piping hot cup of coffee or tea in one of our Farmers' Almanac Campfire Mugs. Each mug is 14 ounces, made out of lightweight but sturdy steel, and can be used to sip your favorite drink, or eat baked beans by the fire.
- Best Day Tasks for December 14, 2019Dry Fruits and Vegetables, Cut Hair to Slow Growth, Mow...
- Current Moon Phase: Waning GibbousThe Moon's current percentage of illumination is 94%.
- Gardening by the Moon for December 14, 2019A barren period. Favorable for killing plant pests, cultivating, or...
- Fishing Calendar for December 14, 2019Evening - FAIR
- Moon's Astrological Place for December 14, 2019♌ Leo - Lion (Heart)
- Reserve your copy of the 2019 Farmers' Almanac Today!The 2019 Farmers' Almanac is available for pre-order! (Ships August 13th)
Start each day of your outdoor adventure with a piping hot cup of coffee or tea in one of our Farmers' Almanac Campfire Mugs. Each mug is 14 ounces, made out of lightweight but sturdy steel, and can be used to sip your favorite drink, or eat baked beans by the fire.
Dry Fruits and Vegetables, Cut Hair to Slow Growth, Mow...
The Moon's current percentage of illumination is 94%.
A barren period. Favorable for killing plant pests, cultivating, or...
Evening - FAIR
♌ Leo - Lion (Heart)
The 2019 Farmers' Almanac is available for pre-order! (Ships August 13th)
Weather News provided by BBC News Science & Environment©
- Climate change: Stalemate at UN talks as splits re-appearTalks in Madrid enter their final day with serious divisions between large emitting countries and small island states
- Bloodhound car has 800mph target in its sights for 2021Test data indicates a land speed record should be achievable, says the project's chief engineer.
- Humans 'sole culprits' in US parrot extinctionA study of North America's only native parrot confirms its disappearance was down to humans alone.
- Denman Glacier: Deepest point on land found in AntarcticaDenman Glacier reaches down to more than 3,500m below sea level. Only ocean trenches go deeper.
- DNA may hold clues to extinct animal lifespanScientists calculate the lifespans of long-lost species, including ancient human relatives.
- Climate change: Anger as protesters barred from UN talksAround 200 environmental campaigners are barred from climate talks after Greta Thunberg speaks.
- Minecraft diamond challenge leaves AI creators stumpedHumans usually take minutes to learn how to find diamonds in the game, but AI agents struggled.
- Sulawesi art: Animal painting found in cave is 44,000 years oldExperts say the art, found in an Indonesian cave, could be the world's oldest recorded story.
- Climate change: Methane pulse detected from South Sudan wetlandsEmissions from the region made a major contribution to global greenhouse gas levels in 2010-2016.
- Hendrix in the clear over parakeet releaseResearchers say the rock star did not introduce the non-native species in Carnaby Street in the 60s.
- Naturalist and presenter David Bellamy dies at 86Tributes are paid to the "larger-than-life" TV broadcaster, scientist and conservationist.
- Greta Thunberg named Time Person of the Year for 2019The 16-year-old Swedish schoolgirl has inspired a global movement to fight climate change.
- Climate change: Major emitters accused of blocking progress at UN talksBrazil, China, India and Saudi Arabia are criticised as anger grows at a UN climate change meeting.
- Climate change: Greenland ice melt 'is accelerating'The ice sheet's contribution to sea-level rise is now seven times what it was in the 1990s.
- Seafloor scar of Bikini A-bomb test still visibleSeventy-three years after the first underwater nuclear explosion, scientists return to map the site.
- Refugees at 'increased risk' from extreme weatherClimate change could make the problem worse, multiplying the misery for displaced people.
- Climate change: Amazon oil boom under fire at UN talksIndigenous people come to COP25 to protest plans to expand oil production in the western Amazon.
- Grandmother killer whales boost survival of calvesThe "grandmother effect" was even stronger with grandmothers that had gone through the menopause.
- Climate change: 1.9 billion people rely on natural 'water towers'A new study ranks the importance and vulnerability of high-mountain stores of water.
- Climate change: UN negotiators 'playing politics' amid global crisisPolitical posturing is harming attempts to address key issues at the UN climate talks, participants say.
- Polluting firms 'will be hit by climate policies'Which business sectors will be winners and losers when, and if, climate change policies take affect?
- Four tiger foetuses found in Indonesian 'poacher' arrestsSumatran tigers are critically endangered - with fewer than 400 believed to be left in the wild.
- Brian Cox: Why I've been exploring our scientific pastThe science broadcaster explains why he's been delving into the lives of some extraordinary scientists.
- General election 2019: Labour 'beats other parties on climate change'Friends of the Earth rates the party above the Greens and Lib Dems in its environment policy survey.
- Madrid climate talks will set the tone for Glasgow 2020The outcome of the COP25 UN climate conference in Spain will influence the event in Scotland next year.
- Climate change: Oceans running out of oxygen as temperatures riseA warmer world means oceans are able to hold less dissolved oxygen, which is bad news for many fish.
- Mike Horn and Boerge Ousland: North Pole explorers complete epic trekThe Norwegian-South African duo met up with a rescue team as they were dangerously low on food.
- The place where dead eagles are given a new lifeColorado's National Eagle Repository is the only one of its kind in the world.
- Seychelles: The island nation with a novel way to tackle climate changeThe Seychelles has swapped 5% of its national debt for a cash injection to fight climate change and save its ocean.
- Biodiversity: The best plants for attracting insects to gardensWith insect populations in decline, a study shows how gardens can support beetles, spiders and the like.
- How to have a more sustainable ChristmasFrom renting your tree, to sponsoring a turkey, a growing number of people are having a greener Christmas.
- US meteorite adds to origins mysteryScientists are getting closer to tracing the sources of meteorites that fall to Earth.
- Mars rover aims to grab a piece of historyBritish engineers test technologies that will be needed to bring samples of Martian rock to Earth.
- Plastic pollution has killed half a million hermit crabs, study saysAs plastic piles up on beaches, hermit crabs are getting trapped in plastic containers and killed.
- Bloodhound diary: Getting the job done at over 600mphLand speed record holder Andy Green describes his final high-speed test run in the Bloodhound car.
- Sydney Zoo: Does the world still need big zoos?As Sydney gets a brand new zoo, animal experts question what we really learn from visiting captive animals.
- Russian president warns over expansion of US space forceThe Russian leader says the US "militarisation" of space means Moscow has to respond.
- Climate change: The COP25 talks trying to change the worldAs the UN has its annual climate change conference, we look at what it's for and if it ever makes a difference.
- Election 2019: How far do the parties' climate promises go?It's the greenest election campaign ever - but how much are the parties promising on climate change?
- Restoring Mongolia's fossil heritageThe Gobi Desert produces stunning fossils but many Mongolians never get the chance to see them.
- Dubai Air Show: The challenges for us all in flying greenSustainable, renewable and green: environmental goals the aviation industry is now grappling with.
- Warwickshire man uses pension to save 62,000 animalsGeoff Grewcock set up the Nuneaton and Warwickshire Wildlife Sanctuary in his garden 18 years ago.
- Octopus and eagle square off at Canadian fish farmThe duelling animals were found floating in the waters off Quatsino, British Columbia.
- A 'game changer' for cardboard box waste?A factory in France is trialling a more efficient way of packaging orders, Emma Simpson reports.
- Greta Thunberg: 'Almost nothing is being done'Teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg has addressed the COP25 summit, criticising politicians and CEOs.
- Greta Thunberg at UN climate talks one year apartLife has changed a lot for the environmental activist in the space of a year.
Talks in Madrid enter their final day with serious divisions between large emitting countries and small island states
Test data indicates a land speed record should be achievable, says the project's chief engineer.
A study of North America's only native parrot confirms its disappearance was down to humans alone.
Denman Glacier reaches down to more than 3,500m below sea level. Only ocean trenches go deeper.
Scientists calculate the lifespans of long-lost species, including ancient human relatives.
Around 200 environmental campaigners are barred from climate talks after Greta Thunberg speaks.
Humans usually take minutes to learn how to find diamonds in the game, but AI agents struggled.
Experts say the art, found in an Indonesian cave, could be the world's oldest recorded story.
Emissions from the region made a major contribution to global greenhouse gas levels in 2010-2016.
Researchers say the rock star did not introduce the non-native species in Carnaby Street in the 60s.
Tributes are paid to the "larger-than-life" TV broadcaster, scientist and conservationist.
The 16-year-old Swedish schoolgirl has inspired a global movement to fight climate change.
Brazil, China, India and Saudi Arabia are criticised as anger grows at a UN climate change meeting.
The ice sheet's contribution to sea-level rise is now seven times what it was in the 1990s.
Seventy-three years after the first underwater nuclear explosion, scientists return to map the site.
Climate change could make the problem worse, multiplying the misery for displaced people.
Indigenous people come to COP25 to protest plans to expand oil production in the western Amazon.
The "grandmother effect" was even stronger with grandmothers that had gone through the menopause.
A new study ranks the importance and vulnerability of high-mountain stores of water.
Political posturing is harming attempts to address key issues at the UN climate talks, participants say.
Which business sectors will be winners and losers when, and if, climate change policies take affect?
Sumatran tigers are critically endangered - with fewer than 400 believed to be left in the wild.
The science broadcaster explains why he's been delving into the lives of some extraordinary scientists.
Friends of the Earth rates the party above the Greens and Lib Dems in its environment policy survey.
The outcome of the COP25 UN climate conference in Spain will influence the event in Scotland next year.
A warmer world means oceans are able to hold less dissolved oxygen, which is bad news for many fish.
The Norwegian-South African duo met up with a rescue team as they were dangerously low on food.
Colorado's National Eagle Repository is the only one of its kind in the world.
The Seychelles has swapped 5% of its national debt for a cash injection to fight climate change and save its ocean.
With insect populations in decline, a study shows how gardens can support beetles, spiders and the like.
From renting your tree, to sponsoring a turkey, a growing number of people are having a greener Christmas.
Scientists are getting closer to tracing the sources of meteorites that fall to Earth.
British engineers test technologies that will be needed to bring samples of Martian rock to Earth.
As plastic piles up on beaches, hermit crabs are getting trapped in plastic containers and killed.
Land speed record holder Andy Green describes his final high-speed test run in the Bloodhound car.
As Sydney gets a brand new zoo, animal experts question what we really learn from visiting captive animals.
The Russian leader says the US "militarisation" of space means Moscow has to respond.
As the UN has its annual climate change conference, we look at what it's for and if it ever makes a difference.
It's the greenest election campaign ever - but how much are the parties promising on climate change?
The Gobi Desert produces stunning fossils but many Mongolians never get the chance to see them.
Sustainable, renewable and green: environmental goals the aviation industry is now grappling with.
Geoff Grewcock set up the Nuneaton and Warwickshire Wildlife Sanctuary in his garden 18 years ago.
The duelling animals were found floating in the waters off Quatsino, British Columbia.
A factory in France is trialling a more efficient way of packaging orders, Emma Simpson reports.
Teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg has addressed the COP25 summit, criticising politicians and CEOs.
Life has changed a lot for the environmental activist in the space of a year.
National Geographic©
- Chemical Exposure Linked to Billions in Health Care CostsChemicals that mimic estrogen and other hormones are costing the EU $175 billion per year in health care, according to new research.
- As Smog Thins in L.A., Dramatic Evidence of Kids' Healthier LungsNew study shows Los Angeles-area kids have fewer breathing problems now than they did in the 1990s.
- Lack of Snow Leaves California's 'Water Tower' Running LowRising temperatures and declining snowpack in the mountains mean that the drought across the western U.S. is about to get even worse.
- Arctic Ship Breaks Free of Ice for Historic Expedition A Norwegian research vessel will spend six months on the sea ice to study the changing Arctic.
- How Geothermal Could Cleanly Power the Planet: Indonesia's TaleThe Earth's heat could power homes and businesses worldwide, but it's barely been tapped. Indonesia is trying to change that.
- Dramatic New Video Shows Volcano Forming an IslandA fast growing island off Japan is seen in new video from the Japanese Coast Guard.
- Corn for Home Heat: A Green Idea That Never Quite Popped Some enterprising Americans burn kernels to keep warm in winter, but there's a reason the green heating concept hasn't taken off.
- What You Don't Know About History's Most Famous ScientistsIn the 11th and 12th centuries, Muslim scientists were way ahead of contemporaries in Christian Europe.
- New Theory Behind Dozens of Craters Found in SiberiaScientists say melting pingos, and not methane hydrates, are likely to blame for the dramatic craters.
- Miami's Choice: Bigger Ships or Coral Reefs?Dredging in Biscayne Bay inflicts heavy damage on North America's only coral reef tract.
- Quirky Winds Fuel Brazil's Devastating Drought, Amazon's Flooding With severe water shortages in Brazil's cities and destructive floods in the Amazon, the boom-and-bust phenomenon may be South America's new normal.
- 'Shark Lady' Eugenie Clark, Famed Marine Biologist, Has DiedEugenie Clark, a marine biologist and ichthyologist, who died on Wednesday, helped the public understand and appreciate the much maligned shark.
- Canadian First Nations Seek to Protect Forest HomelandBy winning protection for their boreal forest, indigenous Canadians help slow global warming.
- Panama Canal: Superhighway for Invasive Species?The Panama Canal is being widened. That means bigger ships and more cargo for Gulf and East Coast ports-and more alien species too.
- 'This Is Really Extreme Science': Adrift in the Arctic Ice With a Shipload of NorwegiansOur correspondent reports from a Norwegian research ship that's drifting inside the Arctic ice cap, gathering data needed to predict its future.
- Two Reasons Why Obama's Keystone Veto Won't Decide PipelineThe never-ending saga of the Keystone XL pipeline gets new twists with potential problems in Nebraska and South Dakota.
- New U.S. Dietary Recommendations First to Consider Environmental Impact"Linking health, dietary guidance, and the environment will promote human health," new guidelines say.
- Ancient Fellowship of Fishermen, Dolphins at Risk in MyanmarFishing gangs on the Irrawaddy River use electricity to illegally increase their catch.
- Nearly 200 Whales Stranded on New Zealand BeachNearly 200 pilot whales are stranded on a New Zealand beach, prompting a massive rescue effort.
- 100 Years Later, Antarctic Explorers' Huts Look Frozen in TimeWhiskey and all, the wooden dwellings of early explorers now look as they did during the first treks to the continent, thanks to a decade-long restoration effort.
- New Study Shows Plastic in Oceans Is on the RiseThe amount of trash flowing into the world's oceans is worse than thought—eight million tons a year, says new study.
- Mysterious Sea Lion Die-Off Strikes Again on California CoastTiny sea lion pups are washing up on beaches in unusually high numbers—for the third winter in a row.
- Fighting Over Herring—the Little Fish That Feeds MultitudesPacific herring stocks are shadows of their former abundance. But the Canadian government wants to reopen fishing off British Columbia.
- To Save Coral Reefs, First Save the MangrovesCoral reefs are in danger of bleaching in open water, but in the sheltering roots of mangroves, some have found a home.
- National Academy: There’s a Good and a Bad Way to “Geoengineer” the PlanetWe should be figuring out how to pull CO₂ back out of the atmosphere, says a National Research Council report. But we should be wary of launching a planet-cooling chemical sunshade.
Chemicals that mimic estrogen and other hormones are costing the EU $175 billion per year in health care, according to new research.
New study shows Los Angeles-area kids have fewer breathing problems now than they did in the 1990s.
Rising temperatures and declining snowpack in the mountains mean that the drought across the western U.S. is about to get even worse.
A Norwegian research vessel will spend six months on the sea ice to study the changing Arctic.
The Earth's heat could power homes and businesses worldwide, but it's barely been tapped. Indonesia is trying to change that.
A fast growing island off Japan is seen in new video from the Japanese Coast Guard.
Some enterprising Americans burn kernels to keep warm in winter, but there's a reason the green heating concept hasn't taken off.
In the 11th and 12th centuries, Muslim scientists were way ahead of contemporaries in Christian Europe.
Scientists say melting pingos, and not methane hydrates, are likely to blame for the dramatic craters.
Dredging in Biscayne Bay inflicts heavy damage on North America's only coral reef tract.
With severe water shortages in Brazil's cities and destructive floods in the Amazon, the boom-and-bust phenomenon may be South America's new normal.
Eugenie Clark, a marine biologist and ichthyologist, who died on Wednesday, helped the public understand and appreciate the much maligned shark.
By winning protection for their boreal forest, indigenous Canadians help slow global warming.
The Panama Canal is being widened. That means bigger ships and more cargo for Gulf and East Coast ports-and more alien species too.
Our correspondent reports from a Norwegian research ship that's drifting inside the Arctic ice cap, gathering data needed to predict its future.
The never-ending saga of the Keystone XL pipeline gets new twists with potential problems in Nebraska and South Dakota.
"Linking health, dietary guidance, and the environment will promote human health," new guidelines say.
Fishing gangs on the Irrawaddy River use electricity to illegally increase their catch.
Nearly 200 pilot whales are stranded on a New Zealand beach, prompting a massive rescue effort.
Whiskey and all, the wooden dwellings of early explorers now look as they did during the first treks to the continent, thanks to a decade-long restoration effort.
The amount of trash flowing into the world's oceans is worse than thought—eight million tons a year, says new study.
Tiny sea lion pups are washing up on beaches in unusually high numbers—for the third winter in a row.
Pacific herring stocks are shadows of their former abundance. But the Canadian government wants to reopen fishing off British Columbia.
Coral reefs are in danger of bleaching in open water, but in the sheltering roots of mangroves, some have found a home.
We should be figuring out how to pull CO₂ back out of the atmosphere, says a National Research Council report. But we should be wary of launching a planet-cooling chemical sunshade.
The American Meteorological Society©
- Tornado Researchers Gather to Improve Wind Speed EstimationThe Wind Speed Estimation (WSE) standards committee–jointly supported by AMS and the American Society of Civil Engineers–is holding its 9th meeting this week in conjunction with an NSF-funded Tornado Hazard Wind Assessment and ReducTion Symposium (THWARTS) at the University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana. The WSE committee began in 2014 to develop standards for an improved process […]
- AMS Goes for 100% Renewable Electricity for Its 100th Anniversaryby Bob Henson, AMS Councilor and Chair, AMS Committee on Environmental Stewardship (ACES) Those of us involved with climate change in our professional lives—researchers, educators, authors, students—often feel the need to “walk the walk” in a demonstrable way. AMS is one of the world’s premier organizations involved with peer-reviewed research on our changing atmosphere, so […]
- So, Just What Do “Sunny” Southern California Broadcast Meteorologists Do?You know the perception: It never rains in Southern California, so forecasting the weather there is easy. Not so fast, says Anthony Yanez of KNBC TV in Los Angeles. In his recent presentation at the 47th Conference on Broadcast Meteorology in San Diego, titled “Forecasting Southern California: Not as Easy as you Think,” Yanez takes […]
- Peer Review: A Foundational Component of Our Scienceby Keith L. Seitter, CCM, AMS Executive Director This week we join many other scientific publishers celebrating Peer Review Week to highlight the importance of high-quality peer review in the scientific process. The process of peer reviewing research results has been an indispensable component of the modern scientific enterprise: when scientists talk about having reached a […]
- Report: Hurricane Michael Upgraded to Category 5 at Landfall2018’s devastating Hurricane Michael struck the Florida panhandle at Mexico Beach and Tyndall Air Force Base in October at Category 5 intensity with 160 mph winds, the National Hurricane Center announced Friday. That’s 5 mph higher than Michael’s wind estimate of 155 mph at the time of landfall. In its post-storm tropical cyclone report, […]
- AMS on the Air Podcast: Alexandra Cranford Talks about Women in TV MeteorologyThe largest biographical study to date of TV meteorologists shows some disturbing disadvantages for women in the profession. You can hear Alexandra Cranford, the author of that study, discuss the study on the latest episode of our podcast, AMS on the Air. Cranford, who is an AMS Certified Broadcaster with WWL-TV in New Orleans, made an […]
- World Water Day: An Integrated AppreciationWow! It’s World Water Day, as observed by the United Nations. Pretty much everything AMS is about has to do with water—from raindrops to atmospheric rivers to thunderstorms and hurricanes on to ocean currents and groundwater. Which is why this concluding paragraph from the AMS Policy Program’s recently released study, “Toward an Integrated Approach to […]
- International Women’s Day: Unsilencing the Forgotten Pillars of MeteorologyIn the pages of scientific history, one often hears too much silence. A science–especially meteorology–is built by women who are rarely, if ever, remembered, let alone credited. So maybe on this International Women’s Day, and more broadly, for Women’s History Month, let’s look back in the pages of history at the dedication to meteorology that women have always […]
- AMS on the Air: Ada Monzón Talks about Disaster and TransformationMost of us can barely imagine the experience AMS Fellow Ada Monzón went through to warn–and then come to the aid of–her fellow citizens in Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria of 2017. On the latest episode of our podcast, AMS on the Air, the award-winning broadcast meteorologist for WIPR-TV tells BAMS Senior Editor Chris Cappella, With Maria, I was […]
- Beyond Leadership to Mentorship: An Opportunity for Early Career Professionals by Mona Behl, Georgia Sea Grant Guru-shishya parampara is a centuries-old tradition in India that fosters a thoughtful exchange of ideas, expertise, and friendship between a guru (teacher) and shishya (student). The relationship between a guru and a shishya is an emotional, spiritual, and intellectual friendship built on the foundation of trust, respect and […]
The Wind Speed Estimation (WSE) standards committee–jointly supported by AMS and the American Society of Civil Engineers–is holding its 9th meeting this week in conjunction with an NSF-funded Tornado Hazard Wind Assessment and ReducTion Symposium (THWARTS) at the University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana. The WSE committee began in 2014 to develop standards for an improved process […]
by Bob Henson, AMS Councilor and Chair, AMS Committee on Environmental Stewardship (ACES) Those of us involved with climate change in our professional lives—researchers, educators, authors, students—often feel the need to “walk the walk” in a demonstrable way. AMS is one of the world’s premier organizations involved with peer-reviewed research on our changing atmosphere, so […]
You know the perception: It never rains in Southern California, so forecasting the weather there is easy. Not so fast, says Anthony Yanez of KNBC TV in Los Angeles. In his recent presentation at the 47th Conference on Broadcast Meteorology in San Diego, titled “Forecasting Southern California: Not as Easy as you Think,” Yanez takes […]
by Keith L. Seitter, CCM, AMS Executive Director This week we join many other scientific publishers celebrating Peer Review Week to highlight the importance of high-quality peer review in the scientific process. The process of peer reviewing research results has been an indispensable component of the modern scientific enterprise: when scientists talk about having reached a […]
2018’s devastating Hurricane Michael struck the Florida panhandle at Mexico Beach and Tyndall Air Force Base in October at Category 5 intensity with 160 mph winds, the National Hurricane Center announced Friday. That’s 5 mph higher than Michael’s wind estimate of 155 mph at the time of landfall. In its post-storm tropical cyclone report, […]
The largest biographical study to date of TV meteorologists shows some disturbing disadvantages for women in the profession. You can hear Alexandra Cranford, the author of that study, discuss the study on the latest episode of our podcast, AMS on the Air. Cranford, who is an AMS Certified Broadcaster with WWL-TV in New Orleans, made an […]
Wow! It’s World Water Day, as observed by the United Nations. Pretty much everything AMS is about has to do with water—from raindrops to atmospheric rivers to thunderstorms and hurricanes on to ocean currents and groundwater. Which is why this concluding paragraph from the AMS Policy Program’s recently released study, “Toward an Integrated Approach to […]
In the pages of scientific history, one often hears too much silence. A science–especially meteorology–is built by women who are rarely, if ever, remembered, let alone credited. So maybe on this International Women’s Day, and more broadly, for Women’s History Month, let’s look back in the pages of history at the dedication to meteorology that women have always […]
Most of us can barely imagine the experience AMS Fellow Ada Monzón went through to warn–and then come to the aid of–her fellow citizens in Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria of 2017. On the latest episode of our podcast, AMS on the Air, the award-winning broadcast meteorologist for WIPR-TV tells BAMS Senior Editor Chris Cappella, With Maria, I was […]
by Mona Behl, Georgia Sea Grant Guru-shishya parampara is a centuries-old tradition in India that fosters a thoughtful exchange of ideas, expertise, and friendship between a guru (teacher) and shishya (student). The relationship between a guru and a shishya is an emotional, spiritual, and intellectual friendship built on the foundation of trust, respect and […]
